Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia

Obsa Welde; Tesfaye Gragn

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia

Obsa Welde^*, Tesfaye Gragn

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 12, Issue 3)

Received: 27 April 2024 Accepted: 28 May 2024 Published: 19 June 2024

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Abstract

The Soil salinity, sodicity and water logging are becoming an emerging challenge for the irrigation development. So, assessments of irrigation schemes are very important to see the problems they have. The assessment of soil and water salinity status of Bitata small scale irrigation scheme of Guji Zone, Oromia region was done to identify, analyze and map salinity level using Geographic information System, the chemical properties of the soil was done at laboratory for samples analysis. After, spatial analyst and interpolation by Inverse distance Weight and Re-class the soil analyzed. Then the area of influence of the points was determined for the selected parameters and the results of investigation shows the majority of sample results are non-saline non sodic, even if, the samples were less, the sodicity problems occur at the study area on surface soil by considering three parameters at once and non-saline and non-sodic for profile soil. And when considering individual parameters of surface soil the results shows slightly saline depends on Electrical conductivity of saturation extracts, considering the exchangeable sodium percentage slightly to extremely sodic results was observed. And the results of irrigation water quality shows Very high Saline and Low Sodicity. The finding of the study recommends intervention of sodicity for surface soil and salinity and sodicity for water source used for irrigation is very important to control the expansions of it to the whole area of the scheme and to minimize the risk of salinity and sodicity problems of the water source used for irrigation. Management techniques that improve soil fertility such as crop rotations, manuring, fallow periods, proper management of crop residues, vermicomposting and leguminous cover crops and water-saving irrigation technologies suitable to the land of the area are the best options. And similar work is necessary to get additional information of the study areas because of the results of surface and profile soil and water source used for irrigation were far apart from each other.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 12, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
Page(s)	54-63
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Soil Salinity and Sodicity, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage, Electrical Conductivity of Saturation Extracts, Irrigation Scheme

References

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[8]	Asfaw, E, Suryabhagavan, K, & Argaw, M. (2018). Soil salinity modeling and mapping using remote sensing and GIS: the case of wonji sugar cane irrigation farm, Ethiopia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences.
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[17]	FAO. 2021. Standard operating procedure for soil pH determination. Rome.
[18]	Schollenberger, C. J., and Simon, R. H. 1945 Determination of exchange capacity and exchangeable bases in soils - 2nunoniurn acetate method. Soil Sci. 59: 13-24.
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[23]	Horneck, D. A., J. W. Ellsworth, B. G. Hopkins, D. M. Sullivan, and R. G. Stevens. 2007. Managing salt-affected soils for crop production. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication: Oregon State University, University of Idaho, and Washington State University PNW 601-E.
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APA Style

Welde, O., Gragn, T. (2024). Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 12(3), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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ACS Style

Welde, O.; Gragn, T. Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2024, 12(3), 54-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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AMA Style

Welde O, Gragn T. Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2024;12(3):54-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11,
  author = {Obsa Welde and Tesfaye Gragn},
  title = {Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {54-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20241203.11},
  abstract = {The Soil salinity, sodicity and water logging are becoming an emerging challenge for the irrigation development. So, assessments of irrigation schemes are very important to see the problems they have. The assessment of soil and water salinity status of Bitata small scale irrigation scheme of Guji Zone, Oromia region was done to identify, analyze and map salinity level using Geographic information System, the chemical properties of the soil was done at laboratory for samples analysis. After, spatial analyst and interpolation by Inverse distance Weight and Re-class the soil analyzed. Then the area of influence of the points was determined for the selected parameters and the results of investigation shows the majority of sample results are non-saline non sodic, even if, the samples were less, the sodicity problems occur at the study area on surface soil by considering three parameters at once and non-saline and non-sodic for profile soil. And when considering individual parameters of surface soil the results shows slightly saline depends on Electrical conductivity of saturation extracts, considering the exchangeable sodium percentage slightly to extremely sodic results was observed. And the results of irrigation water quality shows Very high Saline and Low Sodicity. The finding of the study recommends intervention of sodicity for surface soil and salinity and sodicity for water source used for irrigation is very important to control the expansions of it to the whole area of the scheme and to minimize the risk of salinity and sodicity problems of the water source used for irrigation. Management techniques that improve soil fertility such as crop rotations, manuring, fallow periods, proper management of crop residues, vermicomposting and leguminous cover crops and water-saving irrigation technologies suitable to the land of the area are the best options. And similar work is necessary to get additional information of the study areas because of the results of surface and profile soil and water source used for irrigation were far apart from each other.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia

AU  - Obsa Welde
AU  - Tesfaye Gragn
Y1  - 2024/06/19
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 54
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
AB  - The Soil salinity, sodicity and water logging are becoming an emerging challenge for the irrigation development. So, assessments of irrigation schemes are very important to see the problems they have. The assessment of soil and water salinity status of Bitata small scale irrigation scheme of Guji Zone, Oromia region was done to identify, analyze and map salinity level using Geographic information System, the chemical properties of the soil was done at laboratory for samples analysis. After, spatial analyst and interpolation by Inverse distance Weight and Re-class the soil analyzed. Then the area of influence of the points was determined for the selected parameters and the results of investigation shows the majority of sample results are non-saline non sodic, even if, the samples were less, the sodicity problems occur at the study area on surface soil by considering three parameters at once and non-saline and non-sodic for profile soil. And when considering individual parameters of surface soil the results shows slightly saline depends on Electrical conductivity of saturation extracts, considering the exchangeable sodium percentage slightly to extremely sodic results was observed. And the results of irrigation water quality shows Very high Saline and Low Sodicity. The finding of the study recommends intervention of sodicity for surface soil and salinity and sodicity for water source used for irrigation is very important to control the expansions of it to the whole area of the scheme and to minimize the risk of salinity and sodicity problems of the water source used for irrigation. Management techniques that improve soil fertility such as crop rotations, manuring, fallow periods, proper management of crop residues, vermicomposting and leguminous cover crops and water-saving irrigation technologies suitable to the land of the area are the best options. And similar work is necessary to get additional information of the study areas because of the results of surface and profile soil and water source used for irrigation were far apart from each other.

VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Obsa Welde

Agricultural Engineering Research Process, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Bore, Ethiopia

Contact Email
Tesfaye Gragn

Agricultural Engineering Research Process, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Bore, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Welde, O., Gragn, T. (2024). Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 12(3), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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ACS Style

Welde, O.; Gragn, T. Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2024, 12(3), 54-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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AMA Style

Welde O, Gragn T. Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2024;12(3):54-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11,
  author = {Obsa Welde and Tesfaye Gragn},
  title = {Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {54-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20241203.11},
  abstract = {The Soil salinity, sodicity and water logging are becoming an emerging challenge for the irrigation development. So, assessments of irrigation schemes are very important to see the problems they have. The assessment of soil and water salinity status of Bitata small scale irrigation scheme of Guji Zone, Oromia region was done to identify, analyze and map salinity level using Geographic information System, the chemical properties of the soil was done at laboratory for samples analysis. After, spatial analyst and interpolation by Inverse distance Weight and Re-class the soil analyzed. Then the area of influence of the points was determined for the selected parameters and the results of investigation shows the majority of sample results are non-saline non sodic, even if, the samples were less, the sodicity problems occur at the study area on surface soil by considering three parameters at once and non-saline and non-sodic for profile soil. And when considering individual parameters of surface soil the results shows slightly saline depends on Electrical conductivity of saturation extracts, considering the exchangeable sodium percentage slightly to extremely sodic results was observed. And the results of irrigation water quality shows Very high Saline and Low Sodicity. The finding of the study recommends intervention of sodicity for surface soil and salinity and sodicity for water source used for irrigation is very important to control the expansions of it to the whole area of the scheme and to minimize the risk of salinity and sodicity problems of the water source used for irrigation. Management techniques that improve soil fertility such as crop rotations, manuring, fallow periods, proper management of crop residues, vermicomposting and leguminous cover crops and water-saving irrigation technologies suitable to the land of the area are the best options. And similar work is necessary to get additional information of the study areas because of the results of surface and profile soil and water source used for irrigation were far apart from each other.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Soil and Water Salinity Status of Bitata Small Scale Irrigation Scheme of Guji Zone Oromia, Ethiopia

AU  - Obsa Welde
AU  - Tesfaye Gragn
Y1  - 2024/06/19
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 54
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.11
AB  - The Soil salinity, sodicity and water logging are becoming an emerging challenge for the irrigation development. So, assessments of irrigation schemes are very important to see the problems they have. The assessment of soil and water salinity status of Bitata small scale irrigation scheme of Guji Zone, Oromia region was done to identify, analyze and map salinity level using Geographic information System, the chemical properties of the soil was done at laboratory for samples analysis. After, spatial analyst and interpolation by Inverse distance Weight and Re-class the soil analyzed. Then the area of influence of the points was determined for the selected parameters and the results of investigation shows the majority of sample results are non-saline non sodic, even if, the samples were less, the sodicity problems occur at the study area on surface soil by considering three parameters at once and non-saline and non-sodic for profile soil. And when considering individual parameters of surface soil the results shows slightly saline depends on Electrical conductivity of saturation extracts, considering the exchangeable sodium percentage slightly to extremely sodic results was observed. And the results of irrigation water quality shows Very high Saline and Low Sodicity. The finding of the study recommends intervention of sodicity for surface soil and salinity and sodicity for water source used for irrigation is very important to control the expansions of it to the whole area of the scheme and to minimize the risk of salinity and sodicity problems of the water source used for irrigation. Management techniques that improve soil fertility such as crop rotations, manuring, fallow periods, proper management of crop residues, vermicomposting and leguminous cover crops and water-saving irrigation technologies suitable to the land of the area are the best options. And similar work is necessary to get additional information of the study areas because of the results of surface and profile soil and water source used for irrigation were far apart from each other.

VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

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